The concept that all humans are born with a sinful nature because of Adam’s sin is rooted in the theological doctrine of original sin. This doctrine is based on the interpretation of several passages in the Bible, particularly in the letters of Paul. One key passage that addresses this issue is Romans 5:12, which states, “Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one man, and death through sin, and in this way death came to all people, because all sinned.”

The idea here is that Adam’s disobedience had consequences not only for himself but for the whole human race. His action brought sin into the world, and with sin came death, both physical and spiritual. This doesn’t mean that individuals are guilty of Adam’s specific sin, but rather that Adam’s sin has affected the nature of humanity itself, resulting in a predisposition towards sin. This is often understood in terms of a corruption or distortion of the original goodness in which humans were created (Genesis 1:31).

Paul further elaborates on the contrast between Adam and Christ in Romans 5:18-19: “Consequently, just as one trespass resulted in condemnation for all people, so also one righteous act resulted in justification and life for all people. For just as through the disobedience of the one man the many were made sinners, so also through the obedience of the one man the many will be made righteous.”

In this context, Jesus Christ is presented as the new Adam, whose obedience and sacrifice on the cross offer salvation and restoration to all who believe in Him. Through Christ, the effects of Adam’s sin can be overcome, offering believers a new identity and the possibility of reconciliation with God.

The doctrine of original sin thus raises profound questions about the nature of sin, human responsibility, and God’s grace. It underscores the Christian belief in the need for salvation and the central role of Jesus Christ in God’s plan to redeem humanity from the consequences of sin.