The passage from Numbers 31 you’re referencing occurs within a broader context of divine judgment and human conduct according to the laws and cultural norms of the time. The chapter recounts the Israelites’ battle against the Midianites, which was commanded by God as a response to the latter’s role in leading the Israelites into idolatry and immorality, as described in previous chapters (see Numbers 25). The preservation of the 32,000 virgins among the Midianites, as instructed by God through Moses, can be understood from several perspectives, including the cultural practices and the laws of war at the time, as well as the theological explanations that scholars have proposed over centuries.

One perspective is that the sparing of the virgins, who had not participated in the acts leading to Israel’s sin, was a measure of mercy and also a way to ensure the survival of the captives in a manner consistent with the societal norms and laws of that era. These actions, while difficult to understand from a modern standpoint, are part of the complex narrative of the Old Testament, which includes instances of divine judgment and mercy, human failure, and redemption.

It’s essential to approach these passages with an understanding of the historical and cultural context of the times in which they were written, as well as the overarching themes of justice, mercy, and sovereignty that run throughout the Bible. The Bible also invites readers into a deeper relationship with God, encouraging them to seek understanding and wisdom through prayer, study, and reflection on the whole counsel of Scripture.

In grappling with challenging passages, it can be helpful to remember the character of God as revealed in the entirety of the Bible, including the New Testament, where the emphasis on God’s love, mercy, and redemption through Jesus Christ offers a fuller understanding of His character and intentions for humanity.